Linguists categorise varieties of language, some refer to rules and word usage, vocabulary or others refer to the way a language has adapted culturally. All terms cover differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
Let's take a look at those terms:
Slang
Slang arises within a subgroup describing new ideas or words and current ideas to develop a sense of identity.
Jargon
Similar to slang, jargon are the words and phrases emerging to cover ideas within a certain community.
Lingo
Referring to any wording or phrasing within a particular group.
Patois
Used to refer to a non use of a language, referring to a minority.
Vernacular
A term referring to language that is used naturally by specific people.
Creole
An established form of pidgin arose from communicating over two or more languages absorbed by a culture as a native language.
Pidgin
A basic version of lingua franca, where people communicate across different languages develop their own form of communication.
Lingua Franca
Commonly used between people who speak different languages.
Social Dialect
Social dialects develop from dialects within a particular culture or class instead of a region.
Regional Dialect
Regional dialects are varieties of language that evolve based on specific regional use.
Colloquial/Informal
Anything that isn't formal is colloquial, and frequently describes a 'spoken' language.
Standard/Polite/Formal
Standard, polite and formal all refer to language that abides by the rules, and usually presented as the 'proper' form of English.
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